The Big Five Personality Traits
The closest thing to consensus among academics who study personality psychology is the Big Five Personality Traits . They were originally discovered by an analysis of which personality-based adjectives tend to cluster together.
The model correlates with Raymond Cattell's 5 global factors (based on the 16PF) and to a lesser extent
with Hans Eysenck's PEN model (in which there is only a "big three") There is also a rough correlation
with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator� and several other popular typing systems.
Note: [
Brackets
] indicate a reverse trait label.
N |
E |
O |
A |
C |
|
Five Factor ModelNEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae) |
Neuroticism |
Extraversion |
Openness |
Agreeableness |
Conscientiousness |
Biological Basis |
Increased sensitivity to threat (limbic system, serotonin) | Increased sensitivity to reward (midbrain, dopamine) | Increased breadth of mental associations | Increased empathy and regard for others | Increased ability to inhibit impulses (prefrontal cortex) |
Lexical Big 5(Lewis Goldberg) |
[ Emotional Stability ] | Surgency | Intellect / Culture | Agreeableness | Conscientiousness |
5 Global Factors16PF (Raymond Cattell) |
Anxiety
[ C ], L, O, Q4 |
Extraversion
A, F, H, [ N ], [ Q2 ] |
Receptivity
A, I, M, Q1 |
[
Independence
]
E, H, L, Q1 |
Self-control
[ F ], G, [ M ], Q3 |
P-E-N ModelEPQ (Hans Eysenck) |
Neuroticism | Extraversion | [ Psychoticism ] | ||
MMPI-2 'Psy-5'(Allan Harkness) |
Negative Emotionality | Positive Emotionality | Psychoticism | [ Aggressiveness ] | [ Disconstraint ] |
Myers-Briggs(based on Carl Jung) |
E - Extraversion
vs [ I - Introversion ] |
N - Intuition
vs [ S - Sensing ] |
F - Feeling
vs [ T - Thinking ] |
J - Judging
vs [ P - Perceiving ] |
|
HBDI(Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument) |
D - Imaginitive
vs [ B - Sequential ] |
C - Interpersonal
vs [ A - Analytical ] |
|||
DISCD ominance, I nfluence, S teadiness, C onscientious |
Active (D & I)
vs [ Passive (S & C) ] |
People (I & S)
vs [ Task (D & C) ] |
|||
The Four Humours(Galen, 2nd century CE) |
Choleric &
Melancholic vs [ Sanguine ] & [ Phlegmatic ] |
Sanguine &
Choleric vs [ Phlegmatic ] & [ Melancholic ] |
|||
